Recovery-based staff training intervention within mental health rehabilitation units: a two-stage analysis using realistic evaluation principles and framework approach

Sadiq Bhanbhro, Melanie Gee, Sarah Cook, Louise Marston, Melanie Lean, Helen Killaspy

Long-term change in recovery-based practice in mental health rehabilitation is a research priority. We used a qualitative case study analysis using a blend of traditional 'framework' analysis and 'realist' approaches to carry out an evaluation of a recovery-focused staff training intervention within three purposively selected mental health rehabilitation units. We maximised the validity of the data by triangulating multiple data sources. We found that organisational culture and embedding of a change management programme in routine practice were reported as key influences in sustaining change in practice. The qualitative study generated 10 recommendations on how to achieve long-term change in practice including addressing pre-existing organisational issues and synergising concurrent change programmes. We propose that a recovery-focused staff training intervention requires clear leadership and integration with any existing change management programmes to facilitate sustained improvements in routine practice.