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Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Sex chromosome evolution in snakes inferred from divergence patterns of two gametologous genes and chromosome distribution of sex chromosome-linked repetitive sequences
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Zoological Letters, August 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s40851-016-0056-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Kazumi Matsubara, Chizuko Nishida, Yoichi Matsuda, Yoshinori Kumazawa |
| Abstract |
The discovery of differentially organized sex chromosome systems suggests that heteromorphic sex chromosomes evolved from a pair of homologous chromosomes. Whereas karyotypes are highly conserved in alethinophidian snakes, the degeneration status of the W chromosomes varies among species. The Z and W chromosomes are morphologically homomorphic in henophidian species, whereas in snakes belonging to caenophidian families the W chromosomes are highly degenerated. Snakes therefore are excellent animal models in which to study sex chromosome evolution. Herein, we investigated the differentiation processes for snake sex chromosomes using both coding and repetitive sequences. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships of CTNNB1 and WAC genes, localized to the centromeric and telomeric regions, respectively, of the long arms on snake sex chromosomes, and chromosome distribution of sex chromosome-linked repetitive sequences in several henophidian and caenophidian species. Partial or full-length coding sequences of CTNNB1 and WAC were identified for Z homologs of henophidian species from Tropidophiidae, Boidae, Cylindrophiidae, Xenopeltidae, and Pythonidae, and for Z and W homologs of caenophidian species from Acrochordidae, Viperidae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. Female-specific sequences for the two genes were not found in the henophidian (boid and pythonid) species examined. Phylogenetic trees constructed using each gene showed that the Z and W homologs of the caenophidian species cluster separately. The repetitive sequence isolated from the W chromosome heterochromatin of the colubrid Elaphe quadrivirgata and a microsatellite motif (AGAT)8 were strongly hybridized with W chromosomes of the viperid and colubrid species examined. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the cessation of recombination between the Z and W homologs of CTNNB1 and WAC predated the diversification of the caenophidian families. As the repetitive sequences on the W chromosomes were shared among viperid and colubrid species, heterochromatinization of the proto-W chromosome appears to have occurred before the splitting of these two groups. These results collectively suggest that differentiation of the proto-Z and proto-W chromosomes extended to wide regions on the sex chromosomes in the common ancestor of caenophidian families during a relatively short period. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 6 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 5 | 83% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 5 | 83% |
| Scientists | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 47 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | 1 | 2% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 45 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 26% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 13% |
| Researcher | 6 | 13% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 9% |
| Other | 3 | 6% |
| Unknown | 9 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 17 | 36% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 34% |
| Environmental Science | 2 | 4% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 2% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 9 | 19% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 March 2018.
All research outputs
#13,903,378
of 23,577,761 outputs
Outputs from Zoological Letters
#121
of 173 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#183,643
of 340,836 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Zoological Letters
#4
of 9 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,577,761 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 39th percentile – i.e., 39% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 173 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 16.8. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 9 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 5 of them.