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The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Infectious Diseases, August 2016
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Title
The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases, August 2016
DOI 10.1186/s12879-016-1706-9
Pubmed ID
Authors

Etienne E. Müller, Kevin Rebe, Tobias F. Chirwa, Helen Struthers, James McIntyre, David A. Lewis

Abstract

We investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated behavioural risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) attending a clinical service in Cape Town, South Africa. MSM were enrolled at the Ivan Toms Centre for Men's Health in Cape Town. A psychosocial and sexual behavioral risk questionnaire was completed for each participant and urine, oro-pharyngeal and anal swabs were collected for HPV testing using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine sexual risk factors associated with HPV infection at the three anatomical sites. The median age of all 200 participants was 32 years (IQR 26-39.5), of which 31.0 % were black, 31.5 % mixed race/coloured and 35.5 % white. The majority of the participants (73.0 %) had completed high school, 42.0 % had a tertiary level qualification and 69.0 % were employed. HPV genotypes were detected in 72.8 % [95 % CI: 65.9-79.0 %], 11.5 % [95 % CI: 7.4-16.8 %] and 15.3 % [95 % CI: 10.5-21.2 %] of anal, oro-pharyngeal and urine specimens, respectively. Prevalence of high-risk (HR)-HPV types was 57.6 % [95 % CI: 50.3-64.7 %] in anal samples, 7.5 % [95 % CI: 4.3-12.1 %] in oro-pharyngeal samples and 7.9 % [95 % CI: 4.5-12.7 %] in urine, with HPV-16 being the most common HR-HPV type detected at all sites. HPV-6/11/16/18 was detected in 40.3 % [95 % CI: 33.3-47.6 %], 4.5 % [95 % CI: 2.1-8.4 %] and 3.2 % [95 % CI: 1.2-6.8 %] of anal, oro-pharyngeal and urine samples, respectively. Multiple HPV types were more common in the anal canal of MSM while single HPV types constituted the majority of HPV infections in the oropharynx and urine. Among the 88 MSM (44.0 %) that were HIV positive, 91.8 % [95 % CI: 83.8-96.6 %] had an anal HPV infection, 81.2 % [95 % CI: 71.2-88.8 %] had anal HR-HPV and 85.9 % [95 % CI: 76.6-92.5 %] had multiple anal HPV types. Having sex with men only, engaging in group sex in lifetime, living with HIV and practising receptive anal intercourse were the only factors independently associated with having any anal HPV infection. Anal HPV infections were common among MSM in Cape Town with the highest HPV burden among HIV co-infected MSM, men who have sex with men only and those that practiced receptive anal intercourse. Behavioural intervention strategies and the possible roll-out of HPV vaccines among all boys are urgently needed to address the high prevalence of HPV and HIV co-infections among MSM in South Africa.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 155 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 155 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Master 24 15%
Researcher 22 14%
Student > Bachelor 17 11%
Student > Doctoral Student 14 9%
Student > Ph. D. Student 11 7%
Other 30 19%
Unknown 37 24%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 48 31%
Nursing and Health Professions 20 13%
Social Sciences 16 10%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 9 6%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 8 5%
Other 14 9%
Unknown 40 26%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 September 2016.
All research outputs
#13,377,263
of 22,884,315 outputs
Outputs from BMC Infectious Diseases
#3,291
of 7,690 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#181,868
of 343,744 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Infectious Diseases
#91
of 202 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,884,315 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 7,690 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.6. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 57% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 343,744 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 46th percentile – i.e., 46% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 202 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 54% of its contemporaries.