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Trichloromethane fraction of Incarvillea compacta induces lytic cytotoxicity and apoptosis in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer AGS cells

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, September 2016
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Title
Trichloromethane fraction of Incarvillea compacta induces lytic cytotoxicity and apoptosis in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer AGS cells
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, September 2016
DOI 10.1186/s12906-016-1331-6
Pubmed ID
Authors

Lijing Zhang, Haifeng Wu, Guibo Sun, Xudong Xu, Xiaobo Sun, Li Cao

Abstract

Incarvillea compacta Maxim. has been used to treat stomach disease in Tibet for many years. The objectives of this study were to explore the anti-cancer ability of trichloromethane fraction of I. compacta Maxim. roots (IC-TCL, R2) in EBV positive AGS cancer cells and its effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and lytic induction. MTT and trypan blue assays were to detect the inhibitory effects of different fraction in different cell lines. Hoechst 33342 staining, Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining and DIOC6 staining were used to detect the apoptosis induction effects of R2. Western blot experiments were used to detect the expression of apoptosis related proteins BAX and Bcl-2, EBV lytic related proteins BZLF1 and BMRF1, cell cycle regulation related proteins Cyclin D1 and RB after R2 treatment. Cell cycle arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry. MTT and trypan blue assays revealed that R2 could significantly reduce cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in EBV positive AGS cells compared with non-EBV infected AGS and other cancer cell lines, whereas n-BuOH and H2O fractions showed non-inhibitory effects in tested cancer cells. R2 could decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of Bcl-2, while increase the expression of BAX. R2 could also induce EBV lytic replication by activating mRNA levels of BZLF1, BRLF1 and BMRF1. Protein expressions of BZLF1 and BMRF1 were also increased after R2 treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed that R2 treatment could induce G0/G1 phase arrest. The expression of Cyclin D1 decreased, while Rb increased. These results demonstrated that R2 could inhibit the proliferation of AGS-EBV cancer cells by inducing EBV lytic replication, apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest, through the regulation of related proteins. Therefore, R2 could be used as a potential treatment in AGS-EBV cells.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 14 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 14 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Other 2 14%
Professor 2 14%
Student > Doctoral Student 1 7%
Student > Master 1 7%
Researcher 1 7%
Other 0 0%
Unknown 7 50%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 2 14%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 1 7%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 1 7%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 1 7%
Immunology and Microbiology 1 7%
Other 1 7%
Unknown 7 50%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 September 2016.
All research outputs
#20,340,423
of 22,886,568 outputs
Outputs from BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
#2,983
of 3,637 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#292,874
of 335,704 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
#75
of 96 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,886,568 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,637 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.5. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 335,704 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 96 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.