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The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a decreases lymphangiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via p21-dependent pathways

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Cancer, September 2016
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Title
The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a decreases lymphangiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via p21-dependent pathways
Published in
BMC Cancer, September 2016
DOI 10.1186/s12885-016-2807-y
Pubmed ID
Authors

Igor Hrgovic, Monika Doll, Johannes Kleemann, Xiao-Fan Wang, Nadja Zoeller, Andreas Pinter, Stefan Kippenberger, Roland Kaufmann, Markus Meissner

Abstract

The formation of new lymphatic vessels provides an additional route for tumour cells to metastasize. Therefore, inhibiting lymphangiogenesis represents an interesting target in cancer therapy. First evidence suggests that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may mediate part of their antitumor effects by interfering with lymphangiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of HDACi induced anti-lymphangiogenic properties are not fully investigated so far and in part remain unknown. Human lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) were cultured in vitro and treated with or without HDACi. Effects of HDACi on proliferation and cell cycle progress were analysed by BrdU assay and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured by quantifying mono- and oligonucleosomes in the cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates. In vitro lymphangiogenesis was investigated using the Matrigel short term lymphangiogenesis assay. The effects of TSA on cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Protein- and mRNA half-life of p21 were analysed by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. The activity of the p21 promoter was determined using a dual luciferase assay and DNA-binding activity of Sp1/3 was investigated using EMSA. Furthermore, siRNA assays were performed to analyse the role of p21 and p53 on TSA-mediated anti-lymphangiogenic effects. We found that HDACi inhibited cell proliferation and that the pan-HDACi TSA induced G0/G1 arrest in LEC. Cell cycle arrest was accompanied by up-regulation of p21, p27 and p53. Additionally, we observed that p21 protein accumulated in cellular nuclei after treatment with TSA. Moreover, we found that p21 mRNA was significantly up-regulated by TSA, while the protein and mRNA half-life remained largely unaffected. The promoter activity of p21 was enhanced by TSA indicating a transcriptional mechanism. Subsequent EMSA analyses showed increased constitutive Sp1/3-dependent DNA binding in response to HDACi. We demonstrated that p53 was not required for TSA induced p21 expression and growth inhibition of LECs. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated p21 depletion almost completely reversed the anti-proliferative effects of TSA in LEC. In addition, TSA induced apoptosis by cytochrome c release contributed to activating caspases-9, -7 and -3 and downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins cIAP-1 and -2. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TSA - a pan-HDACi - has distinct anti-lymphangiogenic effects in primary human lymphatic endothelial cells by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway and cell cycle arrest via p21-dependent pathways.

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The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 29 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Taiwan 1 3%
Unknown 28 97%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 10 34%
Student > Bachelor 5 17%
Student > Postgraduate 3 10%
Student > Doctoral Student 2 7%
Researcher 2 7%
Other 1 3%
Unknown 6 21%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 8 28%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 7 24%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 4 14%
Immunology and Microbiology 1 3%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 1 3%
Other 2 7%
Unknown 6 21%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 September 2016.
All research outputs
#20,344,065
of 22,890,496 outputs
Outputs from BMC Cancer
#6,507
of 8,327 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#279,615
of 322,482 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Cancer
#111
of 163 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,890,496 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 8,327 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.3. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 322,482 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 163 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.