Title |
The micronucleus test—most widely used in vivo genotoxicity test—
|
---|---|
Published in |
Genes and Environment, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1186/s41021-016-0044-x |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Makoto Hayashi |
Abstract |
Genotoxicity is commonly evaluated during the chemical safety assessment together with other toxicological endpoints. The micronucleus test is always included in many genotoxic test guidelines for long time in many classes of chemicals, e.g., pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural chemicals, food additives. Although the trend of the safety assessment of chemicals faces to animal welfare and in vitro systems are more welcome than the in vivo systems, the in vivo test systems are paid more attention in the field of genotoxicity because of its weight of evidence. In this review, I will summarize the following points: 1) historical consideration of the test development, 2) characteristics of the test including advantages and limitations, 3) new approaches considering to the animal welfare. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 352 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 57 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 52 | 15% |
Student > Master | 49 | 14% |
Researcher | 43 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 21 | 6% |
Other | 38 | 11% |
Unknown | 93 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 65 | 18% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 44 | 12% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 35 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 7% |
Chemistry | 17 | 5% |
Other | 51 | 14% |
Unknown | 116 | 33% |