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Volatile organic compounds emitted by Trichoderma species mediate plant growth

Overview of attention for article published in Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, September 2016
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Title
Volatile organic compounds emitted by Trichoderma species mediate plant growth
Published in
Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, September 2016
DOI 10.1186/s40694-016-0025-7
Pubmed ID
Authors

Samantha Lee, Melanie Yap, Gregory Behringer, Richard Hung, Joan W. Bennett

Abstract

Many Trichoderma species are applied as biofungicides and biofertilizers to agricultural soils to enhance crop growth. These filamentous fungi have the ability to reduce plant diseases and promote plant growth and productivity through overlapping modes of action including induced systemic resistance, antibiosis, enhanced nutrient efficiency, and myco-parasitism. Trichoderma species are prolific producers of many small metabolites with antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Volatile metabolites of Trichoderma also have the ability to induce resistance to plant pathogens leading to improved plant health. In this study, Arabidopsis plants were exposed to mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by growing cultures of Trichoderma from 20 strains, representing 11 different Trichoderma species. We identified nine Trichoderma strains that produced plant growth promoting VOCs. Exposure to mixtures of VOCs emitted by these strains increased plant biomass (37.1-41.6 %) and chlorophyll content (82.5-89.3 %). Trichoderma volatile-mediated changes in plant growth were strain- and species-specific. VOCs emitted by T. pseudokoningii (CBS 130756) were associated with the greatest Arabidopsis growth promotion. One strain, T. atroviride (CBS 01-209), in our screen decreased growth (50.5 %) and chlorophyll production (13.1 %). Similarly, tomatoes exposed to VOCs from T. viride (BBA 70239) showed a significant increase in plant biomass (>99 %), larger plant size, and significant development of lateral roots. We also observed that the tomato plant growths were dependent on the duration of the volatile exposure. A GC-MS analysis of VOCs from Trichoderma strains identified more than 141 unique compounds including several unknown sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and tetraterpenes. Plants grown in the presence of fungal VOCs emitted by different species and strains of Trichoderma exhibited a range of effects. This study demonstrates that the blend of volatiles produced by actively growing fungi and volatile exposure time in plant development both influence the outcome of volatile-mediated interactions. Only some of our growth promoting strains produced microbial VOCs known to enhance plant growth. Compounds such as 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one were not common to all promoting strains. We found that biostimulatory strains tended to have a larger number of complex terpenes which may explain the variation in growth induced by different Trichoderma strains.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 282 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Poland 1 <1%
Unknown 281 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 39 14%
Researcher 37 13%
Student > Master 35 12%
Student > Bachelor 29 10%
Student > Doctoral Student 18 6%
Other 45 16%
Unknown 79 28%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 121 43%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 33 12%
Environmental Science 12 4%
Chemistry 7 2%
Immunology and Microbiology 6 2%
Other 12 4%
Unknown 91 32%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 September 2017.
All research outputs
#13,129,252
of 22,890,496 outputs
Outputs from Fungal Biology and Biotechnology
#89
of 142 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#164,712
of 322,600 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Fungal Biology and Biotechnology
#3
of 3 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,890,496 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 142 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.0. This one is in the 35th percentile – i.e., 35% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 322,600 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 48th percentile – i.e., 48% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 3 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one.