Title |
Performance of a constructed wetland in Grand Marais, Manitoba, Canada: Removal of nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotic resistance genes from municipal wastewater
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Published in |
BMC Chemistry, March 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1752-153x-7-54 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Julie C Anderson, Jules C Carlson, Jennifer E Low, Jonathan K Challis, Charles S Wong, Charles W Knapp, Mark L Hanson |
Abstract |
The discharge of complex mixtures of nutrients, organic micropollutants, and antibiotic resistance genes from treated municipal wastewater into freshwater systems are global concerns for human health and aquatic organisms. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are genes that have the ability to impart resistance to antibiotics and reduce the efficacy of antibiotics in the systems in which they are found. In the rural community of Grand Marais, Manitoba, Canada, wastewater is treated passively in a sewage lagoon prior to passage through a treatment wetland and subsequent release into surface waters. Using this facility as a model system for the Canadian Prairies, the two aims of this study were to assess: (a) the presence of nutrients, micropollutants (i.e., pesticides, pharmaceuticals), and ARGs in lagoon outputs, and (b) their potential removal by the treatment wetland prior to release to surface waters in 2012. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
India | 2 | 1% |
Malaysia | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Estonia | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Philippines | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 184 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 42 | 22% |
Student > Master | 32 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 12% |
Researcher | 21 | 11% |
Professor | 9 | 5% |
Other | 33 | 17% |
Unknown | 32 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 52 | 27% |
Engineering | 27 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 10% |
Chemistry | 8 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 3% |
Other | 27 | 14% |
Unknown | 51 | 27% |