Title |
A common mechanism of clinical HIV-1 resistance to the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc despite divergent resistance levels and lack of common gp120 resistance mutations
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Published in |
Retrovirology, April 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1742-4690-10-43 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Michael Roche, Hamid Salimi, Renee Duncan, Brendan L Wilkinson, Kelechi Chikere, Miranda S Moore, Nicholas E Webb, Helena Zappi, Jasminka Sterjovski, Jacqueline K Flynn, Anne Ellett, Lachlan R Gray, Benhur Lee, Becky Jubb, Mike Westby, Paul A Ramsland, Sharon R Lewin, Richard J Payne, Melissa J Churchill, Paul R Gorry |
Abstract |
The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry by altering the CCR5 extracellular loops (ECL), such that the gp120 envelope glycoproteins (Env) no longer recognize CCR5. The mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to MVC, the only CCR5 antagonist licensed for clinical use are poorly understood, with insights into MVC resistance almost exclusively limited to knowledge obtained from in vitro studies or from studies of resistance to other CCR5 antagonists. To more precisely understand mechanisms of resistance to MVC in vivo, we characterized Envs isolated from 2 subjects who experienced virologic failure on MVC. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 18% |
Australia | 1 | 9% |
Canada | 1 | 9% |
United States | 1 | 9% |
Germany | 1 | 9% |
Unknown | 5 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 9 | 82% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 9% |
Scientists | 1 | 9% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Canada | 1 | 1% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 80 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 16% |
Student > Master | 13 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 11% |
Researcher | 8 | 10% |
Other | 5 | 6% |
Other | 13 | 16% |
Unknown | 21 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 17 | 21% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 12% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 9% |
Chemistry | 5 | 6% |
Other | 14 | 17% |
Unknown | 21 | 26% |