Title |
Sex differences matter in the gut: effect on mucosal immune activation and inflammation
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Published in |
Biology of Sex Differences, May 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/2042-6410-4-10 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sumathi Sankaran-Walters, Monica Macal, Irina Grishina, Lauren Nagy, Larissa Goulart, Kathryn Coolidge, Jay Li, Anne Fenton, Theodore Williams, Mary K Miller, Jason Flamm, Thomas Prindiville, Michael George, Satya Dandekar |
Abstract |
Women and men have diverse responses to many infectious diseases. These differences are amplified following menopause. However, despite extensive information regarding the effects of sex hormones on immune cells, our knowledge is limited regarding the effects of sex and gender on the function of the mucosal immune system. Sex differences also manifest in the prevalence of gut associated inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and Celiac disease. It is thus hypothesized that a baseline sex-associated difference in immune activation may predispose women to inflammation-associated disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 27% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 18% |
Germany | 1 | 9% |
Netherlands | 1 | 9% |
Unknown | 4 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 55% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 36% |
Scientists | 1 | 9% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 133 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 34 | 25% |
Researcher | 19 | 14% |
Student > Master | 15 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 5% |
Other | 16 | 12% |
Unknown | 31 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 19 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 13% |
Neuroscience | 17 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 15 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 11% |
Other | 15 | 11% |
Unknown | 35 | 26% |