Title |
Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review
|
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Published in |
Environmental Health, May 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1476-069x-12-43 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gerard Hoek, Ranjini M Krishnan, Rob Beelen, Annette Peters, Bart Ostro, Bert Brunekreef, Joel D Kaufman |
Abstract |
Current day concentrations of ambient air pollution have been associated with a range of adverse health effects, particularly mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies on long-term exposure to fine and coarse particles, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and elemental carbon on mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. We also summarize the findings on potentially susceptible subgroups across studies. We identified studies through a search in the databases Medline and Scopus and previous reviews until January 2013 and performed a meta-analysis if more than five studies were available for the same exposure metric. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 3 | 19% |
Argentina | 1 | 6% |
Spain | 1 | 6% |
United States | 1 | 6% |
Canada | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 9 | 56% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 14 | 88% |
Scientists | 2 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 5 | <1% |
Spain | 4 | <1% |
Germany | 3 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Colombia | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Other | 5 | <1% |
Unknown | 1275 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 220 | 17% |
Researcher | 195 | 15% |
Student > Master | 174 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 119 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 64 | 5% |
Other | 205 | 16% |
Unknown | 327 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 269 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 156 | 12% |
Engineering | 97 | 7% |
Social Sciences | 45 | 3% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 42 | 3% |
Other | 298 | 23% |
Unknown | 397 | 30% |