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A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by the human norovirus GII.17 strain at a university in Henan Province, China

Overview of attention for article published in Infectious Diseases of Poverty, February 2017
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Title
A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by the human norovirus GII.17 strain at a university in Henan Province, China
Published in
Infectious Diseases of Poverty, February 2017
DOI 10.1186/s40249-017-0236-z
Pubmed ID
Authors

Xue-Yong Huang, Jia Su, Qian-Chao Lu, Shi-Zheng Li, Jia-Yong Zhao, Meng-Lei Li, Yi Li, Xiao-Jing Shen, Bai-Fan Zhang, Hai-Feng Wang, Yu-Jiao Mu, Shu-Yu Wu, Yan-Hua Du, Li-Cheng Liu, Wei-Jun Chen, John David Klena, Bian-Li Xu

Abstract

Human noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis and are the main etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. An increasing number of outbreaks and sporadic cases of norovirus have been reported in China in recent years. There was a large acute gastroenteritis outbreak at a university in Henan Province, China in the past five years. We want to identify the source, transmission routes of the outbreak by epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing in order to provide the effective control measures. The clinical cases were investigated, and analysed by descriptive epidemiological methods according to factors such as time, department, grade and so on. Samples were collected from clinical cases, healthy persons, the environment, water, and food at the university. These samples were tested for potential bacteria and viruses. The samples that tested positive for norovirus were selected for whole genome sequencing and the sequences were then analysed. From 4 March to 3 April 2015, a total of 753 acute diarrhoea cases were reported at the university; the attack rate was 3.29%. The epidemic curve showed two peaks, with the main peak occurring between 10 and 20 March, accounting for 85.26% of reported cases. The rates of norovirus detection in samples from confirmed cases, people without symptoms, and environmental samples were 32.72%, 17.39%, and 9.17%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the norovirus belonged to the genotype GII.17. This is the largest and most severe outbreak caused by genotype GII.17 norovirus in recent years in China. The GII.17 viruses displayed high epidemic activity and have become a dominant strain in China since the winter of 2014, having replaced the previously dominant GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain.

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Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 34 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Bachelor 9 26%
Researcher 5 15%
Student > Doctoral Student 4 12%
Student > Postgraduate 3 9%
Student > Ph. D. Student 2 6%
Other 4 12%
Unknown 7 21%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 11 32%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 5 15%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 3 9%
Social Sciences 2 6%
Business, Management and Accounting 1 3%
Other 5 15%
Unknown 7 21%