Title |
A single-blinded, single-centre, controlled study in healthy adult smokers to identify the effects of a reduced toxicant prototype cigarette on biomarkers of exposure and of biological effect versus commercial cigarettes
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Published in |
BMC Public Health, July 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-690 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Christopher J Shepperd, Nik Newland, Alison Eldridge, Don Graff, Ingo Meyer |
Abstract |
Despite universal acceptance that smoking is harmful, a substantial number of adults continue to smoke. The development of potential reduced exposure products (more recently termed modified risk tobacco products) has been suggested as a way to reduce the risks of tobacco smoking. This trial is designed to investigate whether changes in toxicant exposure after switching from a commercial to reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarette (7 mg International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) tar yield) can be assessed by measurement of biomarkers and other factors. The primary objective is to descriptively assess changes in selected biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of biological effect (BoBE) within participants and within and between groups after switching. Secondary objectives are to assess similarly changes in other biomarkers, quality of life, smoking behaviours, physiological measures, mouth-level exposure to toxicants and sensory perception. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 48 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 9 | 19% |
Student > Master | 5 | 10% |
Other | 4 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 6% |
Other | 8 | 17% |
Unknown | 15 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 23% |
Psychology | 4 | 8% |
Environmental Science | 4 | 8% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 2% |
Other | 8 | 17% |
Unknown | 17 | 35% |