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RETRACTED ARTICLE: First report of the Phe1534Cyskdr mutation in natural populations of Aedes albopictusfrom Brazil

Overview of attention for article published in Parasites & Vectors, March 2017
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Title
RETRACTED ARTICLE: First report of the Phe1534Cyskdr mutation in natural populations of Aedes albopictusfrom Brazil
Published in
Parasites & Vectors, March 2017
DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2089-5
Pubmed ID
Authors

Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando, Ademir Jesus Martins, Mário Antônio Navarro-Silva

Abstract

Knockdown resistance (kdr), caused by alterations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV), is one of the mechanisms responsible for pyrethroid (PY) resistance. In the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, at least four different mutations were described in the IIIS6 NaV segment in populations from Asia, North America and Europe. In contrast, in Aedes aegypti at least 12 non-synonymous mutations have been reported at nine different codons, mostly in the IIS6 and IIIS6 NaV segments. The Phe1534Cys kdr mutation in the IIIS6 NaV segment is the most prevalent in populations of Ae. aegypti worldwide, also found in Ae. albopictus from Singapore. Herein, we investigated the DNA diversity corresponding to the IIS6 and IIIS6 NaV segments in natural populations of Ae. albopictus from Brazil. DNA from eight Brazilian Ae. albopictus natural populations were individually extracted and pooled by states of origin, amplified, cloned and sequenced for the corresponding IIS6 and IIIS6 NaV segments. Additionally, samples from each location were individually genotyped by an allelic specific PCR (AS-PCR) approach to obtain the genotypic and allelic frequencies for the 1534 NaV site. No non-synonymous substitutions were observed in the IIS6 sequences. However, the Phe1534Cys kdr mutation was evidenced in the Ae. albopictus NaV IIIS6 segment sequences from Paraná (PR) and Rondônia (RO) states, but not from Mato Grosso (MT) state. The 1534Cys (kdr) allele varied from 3% (Marilena/PR and Porto Velho/RO) to 10% (Foz do Iguaçu/PR). To our knowledge, this paper reports the first occurrence and provides distribution data of a possible kdr mutation in Ae. albopictus in South America. The emergence of a likely kdr mutation in Ae. albopitus natural populations is a signal of alert for vector control measures since PY are the most popular insecticides adopted by residents. Additionally, once the kdr allele is present, its frequency tends to increase faster under exposition to those compounds. Although the Asian tiger mosquito is not incriminated as an important vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses in South America, its importance in this regard has been extensively discussed since Ae. albopictus is rapidly spreading and can also migrate between sylvatic and urban environments. Therefore, insecticide resistance monitoring initiatives should also be extended to Ae. albopictus in Brazil in order to maintain chemical compounds as an efficient vector control tool when needed.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 132 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 1 <1%
Unknown 131 99%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Master 25 19%
Researcher 19 14%
Student > Bachelor 17 13%
Student > Doctoral Student 12 9%
Student > Ph. D. Student 9 7%
Other 25 19%
Unknown 25 19%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 38 29%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 21 16%
Medicine and Dentistry 12 9%
Environmental Science 8 6%
Immunology and Microbiology 7 5%
Other 18 14%
Unknown 28 21%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 28 March 2017.
All research outputs
#16,401,558
of 24,162,843 outputs
Outputs from Parasites & Vectors
#3,544
of 5,692 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#198,635
of 312,568 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Parasites & Vectors
#107
of 159 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,162,843 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 21st percentile – i.e., 21% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,692 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.9. This one is in the 30th percentile – i.e., 30% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 159 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.