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Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Biology, April 2017
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Title
Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution
Published in
BMC Biology, April 2017
DOI 10.1186/s12915-017-0371-9
Pubmed ID
Authors

Bruno C. Vellutini, José M. Martín-Durán, Andreas Hejnol

Abstract

Stereotypic cleavage patterns play a crucial role in cell fate determination by precisely positioning early embryonic blastomeres. Although misplaced cell divisions can alter blastomere fates and cause embryonic defects, cleavage patterns have been modified several times during animal evolution. However, it remains unclear how evolutionary changes in cleavage impact the specification of blastomere fates. Here, we analyze the transition from spiral cleavage - a stereotypic pattern remarkably conserved in many protostomes - to a biradial cleavage pattern, which occurred during the evolution of bryozoans. Using 3D-live imaging time-lapse microscopy (4D-microscopy), we characterize the cell lineage, MAPK signaling, and the expression of 16 developmental genes in the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. We found that the molecular identity and the fates of early bryozoan blastomeres are similar to the putative homologous blastomeres in spiral-cleaving embryos. Our work suggests that bryozoans have retained traits of spiral development, such as the early embryonic fate map, despite the evolution of a novel cleavage geometry. These findings provide additional support that stereotypic cleavage patterns can be modified during evolution without major changes to the molecular identity and fate of embryonic blastomeres.

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Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Portugal 1 2%
Unknown 60 98%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 16 26%
Student > Bachelor 9 15%
Researcher 7 11%
Student > Master 6 10%
Professor > Associate Professor 5 8%
Other 6 10%
Unknown 12 20%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 24 39%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 19 31%
Earth and Planetary Sciences 2 3%
Environmental Science 1 2%
Medicine and Dentistry 1 2%
Other 1 2%
Unknown 13 21%