Title |
Recurrent cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-infected patient after anti-retroviral therapy: a case report
|
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Published in |
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, December 2013
|
DOI | 10.1186/1476-0711-12-40 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Zhiliang Hu, Hongxia Wei, Fanqing Meng, Chuanjun Xu, Cong Cheng, Yongfeng Yang |
Abstract |
Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS) in HIV-infected patients presents as a clinical worsening or new presentation of cryptococcal disease as a result of anti-retroviral therapy mediated immune restoration. Recurrent C-IRIS is a rare condition. Recently, recurrent C-IRIS involving the central nervous system, which is thought to require prolonged or alternative immunosuppressive therapy, has been described. Here, we present an unusual case of recurrent C-IRIS, sequentially involving the central nervous system and lymph nodes, in an HIV-infected patient after anti-retroviral therapy. While corticosteroids were used to control the inflammatory cerebral cryptococcomas, lymphadenitis that developed after cessation of corticosteroids resolved without additional immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory drugs. This case suggests the possibility of site-specific recovery of pathogen-specific immune response after anti-retroviral therapy. In this condition, each episode of C-IRIS may be treated independently, and extended corticosteroids may not always be needed. |
X Demographics
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Netherlands | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 23 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
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Student > Master | 5 | 21% |
Other | 3 | 13% |
Researcher | 3 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 13% |
Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 8% |
Other | 3 | 13% |
Unknown | 5 | 21% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 50% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 17% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Neuroscience | 1 | 4% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 5 | 21% |