Title |
Obligate mutualism within a host drives the extreme specialization of a fig wasp genome
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Published in |
Genome Biology, December 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/gb-2013-14-12-r141 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jin-Hua Xiao, Zhen Yue, Ling-Yi Jia, Xin-Hua Yang, Li-Hua Niu, Zhuo Wang, Peng Zhang, Bao-Fa Sun, Shun-Min He, Zi Li, Tuan-Lin Xiong, Wen Xin, Hai-Feng Gu, Bo Wang, John H Werren, Robert W Murphy, David Wheeler, Li-Ming Niu, Guang-Chang Ma, Ting Tang, Sheng-Nan Bian, Ning-Xin Wang, Chun-Yan Yang, Nan Wang, Yue-Guan Fu, Wen-Zhu Li, Soojin V Yi, Xing-Yu Yang, Qing Zhou, Chang-Xin Lu, Chun-Yan Xu, Li-Juan He, Li-Li Yu, Ming Chen, Yuan Zheng, Shao-Wei Wang, Shuang Zhao, Yan-Hong Li, Yang-Yang Yu, Xiao-Ju Qian, Yue Cai, Lian-Le Bian, Shu Zhang, Jun-Yi Wang, Ye Yin, Hui Xiao, Guan-Hong Wang, Hui Yu, Wen-Shan Wu, James M Cook, Jun Wang, Da-Wei Huang |
Abstract |
Fig pollinating wasps form obligate symbioses with their fig hosts. This mutualism arose approximately 75 million years ago. Unlike many other intimate symbioses, which involve vertical transmission of symbionts to host offspring, female fig wasps fly great distances to transfer horizontally between hosts. In contrast, male wasps are wingless and cannot disperse. Symbionts that keep intimate contact with their hosts often show genome reduction, but it is not clear if the wide dispersal of female fig wasps will counteract this general tendency. We sequenced the genome of the fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi to address this question. |
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United States | 3 | 23% |
Canada | 1 | 8% |
Indonesia | 1 | 8% |
Japan | 1 | 8% |
India | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 3 | 23% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 7 | 54% |
Scientists | 5 | 38% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 2% |
Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 137 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 30 | 21% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 29 | 20% |
Student > Master | 19 | 13% |
Professor | 10 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 6% |
Other | 23 | 16% |
Unknown | 24 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 69 | 48% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 20 | 14% |
Environmental Science | 11 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 2% |
Engineering | 2 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 3% |
Unknown | 35 | 24% |