A novel nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene is related to the albinism in a capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella)

Felipe Tadeu Galante Rocha de Vasconcelos, Einat Hauzman, Leonardo Dutra Henriques, Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart, Olavo de Faria Galvão, Ronaldo Yuiti Sano, Givago da Silva Souza, Jessica Lynch Alfaro, Luis Carlos de Lima Silveira, Dora Fix Ventura, Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci

Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that affects the pigmentation of eyes, hair and skin. The OCA phenotype may be caused by mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR), which expresses the tyrosinase enzyme and has an important role in the synthesis of melanin pigment. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic mutation responsible for the albinism in a captive capuchin monkey, and to describe the TYR gene of normal phenotype individuals. In addition, we identified the subject's species. A homozygous nonsense mutation was identified in exon 1 of the TYR gene, with the substitution of a cytosine for a thymine nucleotide (C64T) at codon 22, leading to a premature stop codon (R22X) in the albino robust capuchin monkey. The albino and five non-albino robust capuchin monkeys were identified as Sapajus apella, based on phylogenetic analyses, pelage pattern and geographic provenance. One individual was identified as S. macrocephalus. We conclude that the point mutation C64T in the TYR gene is responsible for the OCA1 albino phenotype in the capuchin monkey, classified as Sapajus apella.