Title |
Host stress hormone norepinephrine stimulates pneumococcal growth, biofilm formation and virulence gene expression
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Published in |
BMC Microbiology, July 2014
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2180-14-180 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sara Sandrini, Fayez Alghofaili, Primrose Freestone, Hasan Yesilkaya |
Abstract |
Host signals are being shown to have a major impact on the bacterial phenotype. One of them is the endogenously produced catecholamine stress hormones, which are also used therapeutically as inotropes. Recent work form our laboratories have found that stress hormones can markedly increase bacterial growth and virulence. This report reveals that Streptococcus pneumoniae, a commensal that can also be a major cause of community acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, is highly inotrope responsive. Therapeutic levels of the stress hormone norepinephrine increased pneumococcal growth via a mechanism involving provision of iron from serum-transferrin and inotrope uptake, as well as enhancing expression of key genes in central metabolism and virulence. Collectively, our data suggests that Streptococcus pneumoniae recognises host stress as an environmental cue to initiate growth and pathogenic processes. |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 29% |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 14% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 57% |
Scientists | 2 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Chile | 1 | 1% |
Denmark | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 71 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 12 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 16% |
Researcher | 11 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 14% |
Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 7% |
Other | 12 | 16% |
Unknown | 11 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 10% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 4% |
Other | 11 | 15% |
Unknown | 11 | 15% |