Title |
Pandemics, public health emergencies and antimicrobial resistance - putting the threat in an epidemiologic and risk analysis context
|
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Published in |
Archives of Public Health, September 2017
|
DOI | 10.1186/s13690-017-0223-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
C. Raina MacIntyre, Chau Minh Bui |
Abstract |
Public health messaging about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) sometimes conveys the problem as an epidemic. We outline why AMR is a serious endemic problem manifested in hospital and community-acquired infections. AMR is not an epidemic condition, but may complicate epidemics, which are characterised by sudden societal impact due to rapid rise in cases over a short timescale. Influenza, which causes direct viral effects, or secondary bacterial complications is the most likely cause of an epidemic or pandemic where AMR may be a problem. We discuss other possible causes of a pandemic with AMR, and present a risk assessment formula to estimate the impact of AMR during a pandemic. Finally, we flag the potential impact of genetic engineering of pathogens on global risk and how this could radically change the epidemiology of AMR as we know it. Understanding the epidemiology of AMR is key to successfully addressing the problem. AMR is an endemic condition but can play a role in epidemics or pandemics, and we present a risk analysis method for assessing the impact of AMR in a pandemic. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Australia | 14 | 26% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 4% |
Turkey | 2 | 4% |
Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
Greece | 1 | 2% |
Philippines | 1 | 2% |
Mexico | 1 | 2% |
Canada | 1 | 2% |
United States | 1 | 2% |
Other | 5 | 9% |
Unknown | 25 | 46% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 41 | 76% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | 11% |
Scientists | 5 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 129 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 18% |
Student > Master | 17 | 13% |
Researcher | 14 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 10% |
Other | 5 | 4% |
Other | 15 | 12% |
Unknown | 42 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 18 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 9% |
Engineering | 6 | 5% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 3% |
Other | 24 | 19% |
Unknown | 45 | 35% |