Title |
Strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancers: focus on new data from clinical trials
|
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Published in |
BMC Medicine, August 2014
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12916-014-0132-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Pernelle Lavaud, Fabrice Andre |
Abstract |
Breast cancers over-express the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in about 15% of patients. This transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor activates downstream signaling pathways and leads to proliferation of cancer cells. Trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, improves outcome in women with early and metastatic breast cancer. Resistance to trastuzumab involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway, truncation of the Her2 receptor or lack of immune response. The last decade has seen major advances in strategies to overcome resistance to trastuzumab. This includes the development of antibody-drug conjugates, dual HER2 inhibition strategies, inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathway and development of modulators of immune checkpoints. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 40% |
Belgium | 1 | 20% |
France | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 1 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 4 | 80% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 2 | 1% |
Ecuador | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 133 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 26 | 19% |
Researcher | 22 | 16% |
Student > Master | 22 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 16% |
Other | 8 | 6% |
Other | 16 | 12% |
Unknown | 23 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 33 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 30 | 22% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 19% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 4% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 3% |
Other | 12 | 9% |
Unknown | 28 | 20% |