Reversal of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatosis after gastric bypass surgery

Brian M. Parker, Jiang Wu, Jing You, David S. Barnes, Lisa Yerian, John P. Kirwan, Philip R. Schauer, Daniel I. Sessler

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves the pathophysiology that contributes to obesity-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Whether obesity-related fibrosis improves is unclear. We hypothesized that RYGB reverses NASH and fibrosis, and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance provides a sensitive measure for detecting asymptomatic fatty liver disease. One hundred six obese adults scheduled for RYGB had preoperative liver function assessed using standard tests and ICG clearance and core liver biopsies obtained during RYGB. Once patients lost 60% of their preoperative weight or weight loss plateaued, liver function was reassessed. Repeat liver biopsies were obtained on patients with NASH at the time of RYGB. RYGB improved steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis. Serum albumin, AST, and ALT decreased the most in patients with NASH and NASH plus fibrosis. Twenty seven (26%) patients had normal baseline liver histology and 45 (43%) had NASH or NASH plus fibrosis. Nine of 13 patients with substantial fatty liver had normalized histology after weight loss, while severity of disease in the rest had stabilized or was reduced. Mean ICG clearance in patients with normal/mild fatty liver disease and those with histological fatty livers did not differ significantly. RYGB surgery reverses NASH and liver fibrosis. Underlying mechanisms that facilitate improvement remain unclear.