Title |
Anti-viral properties and mode of action of standardized Echinacea purpurea extract against highly pathogenic avian Influenza virus (H5N1, H7N7) and swine-origin H1N1 (S-OIV)
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Published in |
Virology Journal, November 2009
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DOI | 10.1186/1743-422x-6-197 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Stephan Pleschka, Michael Stein, Roland Schoop, James B Hudson |
Abstract |
Influenza virus (IV) infections are a major threat to human welfare and animal health worldwide. Anti-viral therapy includes vaccines and a few anti-viral drugs. However vaccines are not always available in time, as demonstrated by the emergence of the new 2009 H1N1-type pandemic strain of swine origin (S-OIV) in April 2009, and the acquisition of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors such as Tamiflu (oseltamivir) is a potential problem. Therefore the prospects for the control of IV by existing anti-viral drugs are limited. As an alternative approach to the common anti-virals we studied in more detail a commercial standardized extract of the widely used herb Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce, EF) in order to elucidate the nature of its anti-IV activity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 30% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 10% |
Thailand | 1 | 10% |
Egypt | 1 | 10% |
Spain | 1 | 10% |
Unknown | 3 | 30% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 9 | 90% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Indonesia | 2 | 1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 161 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 32 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 21 | 13% |
Researcher | 20 | 12% |
Student > Master | 16 | 10% |
Other | 13 | 8% |
Other | 31 | 19% |
Unknown | 34 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 37 | 22% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 13 | 8% |
Chemistry | 8 | 5% |
Other | 23 | 14% |
Unknown | 44 | 26% |