↓ Skip to main content

Association of cerebrospinal fluid anti-Sm antibodies with acute confusional state in systemic lupus erythematosus

Overview of attention for article published in Arthritis Research & Therapy, October 2014
Altmetric Badge

About this Attention Score

  • Average Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age

Mentioned by

twitter
2 X users
facebook
1 Facebook page

Citations

dimensions_citation
48 Dimensions

Readers on

mendeley
55 Mendeley
You are seeing a free-to-access but limited selection of the activity Altmetric has collected about this research output. Click here to find out more.
Title
Association of cerebrospinal fluid anti-Sm antibodies with acute confusional state in systemic lupus erythematosus
Published in
Arthritis Research & Therapy, October 2014
DOI 10.1186/s13075-014-0450-z
Pubmed ID
Authors

Shunsei Hirohata, Yuko Sakuma, Tamiko Yanagida, Taku Yoshio

Abstract

IntroductionNeuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is one of the most serious complications. Previous studies revealed the strong association between serum anti-Sm and organic brain syndrome, consisting mainly of acute confusional state (ACS) of diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes (diffuse NPSLE). However, the precise mechanism by which anti-Sm causes diffuse NPSLE remains unclear. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrated that anti-U1 RNP antibodies (anti-RNP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with NPSLE. The present study was designed to explore the association of anti-Sm antibodies in CSF with NPSLE.MethodsPaired serum and CSF specimens were obtained from 72 patients with NPSLE (49 with diffuse NPSLE, 23 with neurological syndromes or peripheral neuropathy (focal NPSLE)) and from 22 control patients with non-SLE neurological diseases. Sera were also obtained from 41 patients with active SLE without neuropsychiatric manifestations (non-NPSLE). Anti-Sm and anti-RNP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood¿brain barrier (BBB) function and intrathecal anti-Sm production were evaluated by Q albumin and CSF anti-Sm index, respectively. Binding of anti-Sm to neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and Neuro2a was examined by flow cytometry and by cell ELISA.ResultAnti-Sm and anti-RNP in CSF and sera were elevated in NPSLE compared with non-SLE control. CSF anti-Sm, but not CSF anti-RNP, was significantly elevated in ACS compared with non-ACS diffuse NPSLE or with focal NPSLE. By contrast, there were no significant differences in serum anti-Sm or anti-RNP among subsets of NPSLE and non-NPSLE. Whereas there were no significant differences in CSF anti-Sm index, Q albumin was elevated in ACS compared with non-ACS or with focal NPSLE. Notably, CSF anti-Sm was correlated with Q albumin (r¿=¿0.2373, P¿=¿0.0447) or with serum anti-Sm (r¿=¿0.7185, P <0.0001) in 72 patients with NPSLE. Finally, monoclonal anti-Sm and purified human anti-Sm bound to the surface of SK-N-MC and Neuro2a.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the elevation of CSF anti-Sm through transudation from systemic circulation due to damaged BBB, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of ACS. More importantly, the data indicate that anti-Sm is yet another autoantibody with presumed neural toxicity, but might not be the last.

X Demographics

X Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 55 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United Kingdom 1 2%
Unknown 54 98%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 7 13%
Student > Master 7 13%
Student > Ph. D. Student 6 11%
Student > Doctoral Student 4 7%
Student > Postgraduate 4 7%
Other 10 18%
Unknown 17 31%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 20 36%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 3 5%
Neuroscience 3 5%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 2 4%
Psychology 2 4%
Other 4 7%
Unknown 21 38%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 06 October 2014.
All research outputs
#17,286,645
of 25,374,917 outputs
Outputs from Arthritis Research & Therapy
#2,536
of 3,380 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#159,378
of 265,588 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Arthritis Research & Therapy
#35
of 54 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,917 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 21st percentile – i.e., 21% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,380 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.2. This one is in the 16th percentile – i.e., 16% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 265,588 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 31st percentile – i.e., 31% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 54 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 29th percentile – i.e., 29% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.