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Prevalence, risk factors and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed foxes (Vulpes lagopus), Northern China

Overview of attention for article published in Parasites & Vectors, February 2016
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Title
Prevalence, risk factors and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed foxes (Vulpes lagopus), Northern China
Published in
Parasites & Vectors, February 2016
DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1356-1
Pubmed ID
Authors

Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Wei Cong, Zhi-Long Lou, Jian-Gang Ma, Wen-Bin Zheng, Qiu-Xia Yao, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu

Abstract

Microsporidiosis is a common disease in animals and humans around the world. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian species in humans. Many animal species may be a potential source of human microsporidiosis. However, information concerning prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi infection in farmed foxes (Vulpes lagopus) is scarce. Therefore, the present study examined prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of E. bieneusi in farmed foxes in northern China using a genetic approach. Of 302 fecal samples from farmed foxes, 37 (12.25 %, 95 % CI 8.55-15.95) were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi, and the prevalence was highly associated with the farming mode in that foxes raised outdoors (26.03 % positive, 95 % CI 18.91-33.15) had a significantly higher E. bieneusi prevalence than those raised indoors. Eleven internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes were identified among the positive samples: four known E. bieneusi genotypes (Peru 8, Types IV, CHN-DC1 and D) and seven novel genotypes (NCF1-NCF7). Genotype NCF2 was the commonest (n = 13) and was found in five farms across three provinces (Jilin, Heilongjiang and Hebei). All genotypes belonged to phylogenetic group 1. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses revealed additional diversity. These findings indicate the presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi infection in farmed foxes in northern China. This is also the first report of genotypes Peru8, CHN-DC1 and Type IV, and seven novel genotypes (NCF1-NCF7) in farmed foxes by ITS combining with microsatellite and minisatellite markers for the first time. The results will provide baseline data for preventing and controlling E. bieneusi infection in farmed foxes, other animals and humans.

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Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 20 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Master 4 20%
Student > Ph. D. Student 3 15%
Professor 2 10%
Researcher 2 10%
Unspecified 1 5%
Other 3 15%
Unknown 5 25%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine 4 20%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 3 15%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 3 15%
Immunology and Microbiology 2 10%
Nursing and Health Professions 1 5%
Other 1 5%
Unknown 6 30%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 November 2016.
All research outputs
#20,451,228
of 23,007,053 outputs
Outputs from Parasites & Vectors
#4,881
of 5,502 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#335,295
of 398,245 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Parasites & Vectors
#147
of 164 outputs
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