Title |
Are antimicrobial defences in bird eggs related to climatic conditions associated with risk of trans-shell microbial infection?
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Published in |
Frontiers in Zoology, July 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/1742-9994-11-49 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Nicholas PC Horrocks, Kathryn Hine, Arne Hegemann, Henry K Ndithia, Mohammed Shobrak, Stéphane Ostrowski, Joseph B Williams, Kevin D Matson, B Irene Tieleman |
Abstract |
All bird eggs are exposed to microbes in the environment, which if transmitted to the developing embryo, could cause hatching failure. However, the risk of trans-shell infection varies with environmental conditions and is higher for eggs laid in wetter environments. This might relate to generally higher microbial abundances and diversity in more humid environments, including on the surface of eggshells, as well as the need for moisture to facilitate microbial penetration of the eggshell. To protect against microbial infection, the albumen of avian eggs contains antimicrobial proteins, including lysozyme and ovotransferrin. We tested whether lysozyme and ovotransferrin activities varied in eggs of larks (Alaudidae) living along an arid-mesic gradient of environmental aridity, which we used as a proxy for risk of trans-shell infection. |
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Demographic breakdown
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Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Malaysia | 1 | 2% |
United States | 1 | 2% |
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Researcher | 10 | 21% |
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