IntroductionThe risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) with the use of albumin-containing fluids compared to starches in the surgical intensive care setting remains uncertain. We evaluated the adjusted risk of AKI associated with colloids following cardiac surgery.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery in a tertiary care center from 2008 to 2010. We assessed crystalloid and colloid administration until 36 hours postoperatively. AKI was defined by the Risk Injury Failure Loss and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE risk) and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 1 serum creatinine criterion within 96 hours postoperatively.ResultsOur cohort included 984 patients with a baseline glomerular filtration rate of 72¿±¿19 ml/min/1.73 m2. Twenty-three percent had a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 31% were diabetics and 23% underwent valvular surgery. The incidence of AKI was 5.3% with RIFLE and 12.0% with AKIN. AKI was associated with a reduced LVEF, diuretic use, anemia, valvular surgery, duration of extracorporeal circulation, hemodynamic instability, and the use of albumin, pentastarch 10% and transfusions. There was an important dose-dependent AKI risk with the administration of albumin, which also paralleled a higher prevalence of concomitant risk factors of AKI. To address any indication bias, we derived a propensity score predicting the likelihood to receive albumin, matching 141 cases to 141 controls with a similar risk profile. In this analysis, albumin was associated with an increased AKI risk (RIFLE Risk 12% versus 5%, P =0.03 and AKIN stage 1 28% versus 13%, P =0.002). We repeated this methodology in subjects without postoperative hemodynamic instability and still identified an association between the use of albumin and AKI.ConclusionsAlbumin administration was associated with a dose-dependent risk of AKI and remained significant using a propensity score methodology. Future studies should address the safety of albumin-containing fluids on kidney function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.