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Real-time imaging reveals that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase promotes cellulase activity by increasing cellulose accessibility

Overview of attention for article published in Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, February 2018
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Title
Real-time imaging reveals that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase promotes cellulase activity by increasing cellulose accessibility
Published in
Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, February 2018
DOI 10.1186/s13068-018-1023-1
Pubmed ID
Authors

Bo Song, Bingyao Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Wei Shen, Sungjin Park, Cynthia Collings, Anran Feng, Steve J. Smith, Jonathan D. Walton, Shi-You Ding

Abstract

The high cost of enzymes is one of the key technical barriers that must be overcome to realize the economical production of biofuels and biomaterials from biomass. Supplementation of enzyme cocktails with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) can increase the efficiency of these cellulase mixtures for biomass conversion. The previous studies have revealed that LPMOs cleave polysaccharide chains by oxidization of the C1 and/or C4 carbons of the monomeric units. However, how LPMOs enhance enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose is still poorly understood. In this study, we combined enzymatic assays and real-time imaging using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the molecular interactions of an LPMO [TrAA9A, formerly known asTrCel61A) fromTrichoderma reesei] and a cellobiohydrolase I (TlCel7A fromT. longibrachiatum) with bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) as a substrate. Cellulose conversion byTlCel7A alone was enhanced from 46 to 54% by the addition ofTrAA9A. Conversion by a mixture ofTlCel7A, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase was increased from 79 to 87% using pretreated BMCC withTrAA9A for 72 h. AFM imaging demonstrated that individualTrAA9A molecules exhibited intermittent random movement along, across, and penetrating into the ribbon-like microfibril structure of BMCC, which was concomitant with the release of a small amount of oxidized sugars and the splitting of large cellulose ribbons into fibrils with smaller diameters. The dividing effect of the cellulose microfibril occurred more rapidly whenTrAA9A andTlCel7A were added together compared toTrAA9A alone;TlCel7A alone caused no separation. Tr AA9A increases the accessible surface area of BMCC by separating large cellulose ribbons, and thereby enhances cellulose hydrolysis yield. By providing the first direct observation of LPMO action on a cellulosic substrate, this study sheds new light on the mechanisms by which LPMO enhances biomass conversion.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 130 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 130 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 29 22%
Student > Master 19 15%
Researcher 17 13%
Professor 8 6%
Student > Bachelor 8 6%
Other 16 12%
Unknown 33 25%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 38 29%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 16 12%
Chemistry 14 11%
Chemical Engineering 6 5%
Engineering 3 2%
Other 8 6%
Unknown 45 35%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 16 February 2018.
All research outputs
#15,745,807
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
#862
of 1,578 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#261,038
of 470,360 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
#23
of 44 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,382,440 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 37th percentile – i.e., 37% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,578 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.9. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 470,360 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 43rd percentile – i.e., 43% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 44 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 47th percentile – i.e., 47% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.