Title |
Development and evaluation of different normalization strategies for gene expression studies in Candida albicans biofilms by real-time PCR
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Published in |
BMC Molecular and Cell Biology, August 2006
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2199-7-25 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Heleen Nailis, Tom Coenye, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, Hans J Nelis |
Abstract |
Candida albicans biofilms are commonly found on indwelling medical devices. However, the molecular basis of biofilm formation and development is not completely understood. Expression analysis of genes potentially involved in these processes, such as the ALS (Agglutinine Like Sequence) gene family can be performed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the present study, we investigated the expression stability of eight housekeeping genes potentially useful as reference genes to study gene expression in Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilms, using the geNorm Visual Basic Application (VBA) for Microsoft Excel. To validate our normalization strategies we determined differences in ALS1 and ALS3 expression levels between C. albicans biofilm cells and their planktonic counterparts. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Malaysia | 1 | <1% |
Indonesia | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Slovenia | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 160 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 34 | 20% |
Researcher | 30 | 18% |
Student > Master | 28 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 8 | 5% |
Other | 27 | 16% |
Unknown | 27 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 59 | 36% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 17 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 8% |
Engineering | 5 | 3% |
Other | 13 | 8% |
Unknown | 32 | 19% |