Title |
Aluminium in Allergies and Allergen immunotherapy
|
---|---|
Published in |
World Allergy Organization Journal, February 2015
|
DOI | 10.1186/s40413-015-0060-5 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Erika Jensen-Jarolim |
Abstract |
Aluminium is a hot topic in the current debate. Exposure occurs due to environmental, dietary and intentional exposure to aluminium, such as in vaccines where it was introduced in 1926. In spite of the fact that it is a typical Th2 adjuvant, aluminium redirects the immune response in systemic allergen immunotherapy (SIT) upon prolonged immunization. SIT in the US, and SLIT in general, are at present non-adjuvanted therapies, but in Europe aluminium is used as adjuvant in most SIT preparations. It enhances the safety of SIT by local deposition of the allergen. Undesired properties of aluminium adjuvants comprise acute and chronic inflammation at the injection site, its Th2 immune stimulatory capacity, its accumulation besides biodistribution in the body. The adjuvant and safety profile of aluminium adjuvants in allergy vaccines are discussed, as well as the need for putting modern delivery systems and adjuvants on the fast track. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 28% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 8% |
Germany | 1 | 4% |
Côte d'Ivoire | 1 | 4% |
Argentina | 1 | 4% |
Canada | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 12 | 48% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 20 | 80% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 12% |
Scientists | 2 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 85 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 15% |
Other | 12 | 14% |
Student > Master | 10 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 12% |
Researcher | 5 | 6% |
Other | 10 | 12% |
Unknown | 25 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 14 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 9% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 7% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 5% |
Other | 15 | 18% |
Unknown | 29 | 34% |