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Tumour cell derived effects on monocyte/macrophage polarization and function and modulatory potential of Viscum album lipophilic extract in vitro

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, April 2015
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Title
Tumour cell derived effects on monocyte/macrophage polarization and function and modulatory potential of Viscum album lipophilic extract in vitro
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, April 2015
DOI 10.1186/s12906-015-0650-3
Pubmed ID
Authors

Myriam Estko, Stephan Baumgartner, Konrad Urech, Matthias Kunz, Ursula Regueiro, Peter Heusser, Ulrike Weissenstein

Abstract

Macrophages are highly versatile cells that play an important role in tumour microenvironment. Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) have been linked to both, good or bad prognosis of several cancer types depending on their number, composition and polarization. Viscum album lipophilic extract (VALE) contains several pentacyclic triterpenes known to modulate the activity of monocytes and other immune cells and to exhibit anticancer properties. In our in vitro study, we investigated the effect of tumour cell lines on macrophage polarization and monocyte chemotactic transmigration and examined the modulatory potential of VALE and its predominant triterpene oleanolic acid (OA). Human peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) using M-CSF and polarized into M1 by IFN-γ and LPS and into M2 macrophages by IL-4 and IL-13 or by co-culture with two different tumour cell lines. Polarized macrophages were subsequently treated with VALE or OA. Phenotypic markers and cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry and immunoanalysis. Migration of human peripheral blood monocytes induced by monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) or supernatants of different tumour cell lines under the influence of VALE or OA was measured in a chemotaxis transmigration assay. In vitro polarized M1 and M2 type macrophages revealed specific phenotypic patterns and tumour cell co-cultured MDM displayed ambiguous phenotypes with M1 as well as M2 associated markers. VALE and OA showed modest influence on cell surface marker profile and cytokine expression of tumour cell co-cultured macrophages. All tumour cell supernatants markedly enhanced the migratory activity of monocytes. VALE and OA significantly inhibited MCP-1 induced monocyte transmigration, whereas monocyte migration initiated by tumour cell derived supernatants was not affected. In our study we reconfirmed that co-culture with different tumour cell lines can result in a mixed macrophage phenotype with M1 as well as M2 patterns, a finding that is important for a better understanding of tumour microenvironment functions. Moreover, we demonstrated that VALE shows slight immunomodulatory effects on tumour cell co-cultured macrophages and modulates monocyte chemotactic transmigration in vitro, indicating promising possibilities of triterpenes from Viscum album L. to contribute in a multimodal concept of anti-cancer therapy in future. Our data contribute to an understanding of monocyte function and macrophage polarization in vitro and of the possibility to influence their behaviour by triterpene containing mistletoe extracts.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 68 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Brunei Darussalam 2 3%
United Kingdom 1 1%
Unknown 65 96%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 14 21%
Student > Master 11 16%
Researcher 10 15%
Student > Bachelor 7 10%
Student > Doctoral Student 5 7%
Other 11 16%
Unknown 10 15%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 14 21%
Medicine and Dentistry 12 18%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 11 16%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 4 6%
Immunology and Microbiology 4 6%
Other 9 13%
Unknown 14 21%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 June 2015.
All research outputs
#17,754,724
of 22,800,560 outputs
Outputs from BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
#2,346
of 3,629 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#180,697
of 265,147 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
#51
of 79 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,800,560 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,629 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.5. This one is in the 30th percentile – i.e., 30% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 265,147 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 79 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 29th percentile – i.e., 29% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.