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Enhanced humoral response in pregnant mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant neutralizing epitope protein of Hepatitis- E virus

Overview of attention for article published in Virology Journal, May 2015
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Title
Enhanced humoral response in pregnant mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant neutralizing epitope protein of Hepatitis- E virus
Published in
Virology Journal, May 2015
DOI 10.1186/s12985-015-0302-8
Pubmed ID
Authors

Shivali Shirish Joshi, Vidya Avinash Arankalle

Abstract

Pregnant women from developing countries are at high-risk of hepatitis E-associated high mortality and constitute priority population for vaccination. So far, candidate vaccines have not been evaluated during pregnancy. We evaluated our vaccine candidate, recombinant Neutralizing Epitope protein (rNEp) encapsulated in liposomes, in pregnant mice. A single dose (10 μg) of the formulation was administered intramuscularly on day 7 of pregnancy. Titres of serum IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (IgG-anti-HEV), levels of cytokines and biochemical parameters were determined. Spleens were harvested from pregnant and non-pregnant mice for immunophenotyping (flow cytometry), cytokines (cytometric bead array, CBA) and gene expression of immune response genes (Taqman low density array, TLDA). Histopathology studies of spleen, liver, kidneys, brain and muscle was carried out. The vaccine was well-tolerated during pregnancy as evidenced by histopathology and serum biochemical parameters. Anti-HEV titres were significantly higher in the pregnant balb/c and C57BL/6 mice (3592 ± 802 and1016 ± 138 respectively, than in non-pregnant groups (634 ± 191 and 320 ± 55 respectively, p < 0.001 for both)suggesting that the higher antibody response in pregnant mice was independent of the genetic makeup of the host but immunogen-driven. Pups receiving vertically transferred antibodies developed lower anti-HEV antibodies (p < 0.05) when immunized with the formulation after seronegativity than in the age-matched mice without such antibodies. In non-pregnant mice, a Th1 response and discordance between splenic and serum cytokines was evident while in pregnancy, a Th2 bias was observed irrespective of immunization. Increased CD19 levels correlated with higher anti-HEV titres in pregnant mice. The single dose of the vaccine was safe and highly immunogenic in pregnant mice. Degree and type of immune response to vaccination during pregnancy is immunogen-driven. In-depth studies are needed to understand the underlying immunologic mechanism(s).These encouraging results for a vaccine intended for use in pregnant women should be confirmed in higher animals.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 30 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Denmark 1 3%
Unknown 29 97%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Master 4 13%
Student > Postgraduate 4 13%
Researcher 4 13%
Student > Ph. D. Student 4 13%
Student > Doctoral Student 2 7%
Other 3 10%
Unknown 9 30%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 5 17%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 4 13%
Medicine and Dentistry 4 13%
Nursing and Health Professions 3 10%
Economics, Econometrics and Finance 2 7%
Other 1 3%
Unknown 11 37%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 May 2015.
All research outputs
#17,756,606
of 22,803,211 outputs
Outputs from Virology Journal
#2,246
of 3,043 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#179,857
of 264,285 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Virology Journal
#44
of 47 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,803,211 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,043 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 25.8. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 264,285 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 47 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 4th percentile – i.e., 4% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.