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In virio SHAPE analysis of tRNALys3 annealing to HIV-1 genomic RNA in wild type and protease-deficient virus

Overview of attention for article published in Retrovirology, May 2015
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Title
In virio SHAPE analysis of tRNALys3 annealing to HIV-1 genomic RNA in wild type and protease-deficient virus
Published in
Retrovirology, May 2015
DOI 10.1186/s12977-015-0171-7
Pubmed ID
Authors

Elias Seif, Meijuan Niu, Lawrence Kleiman

Abstract

tRNA(Lys3) annealing to the viral RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is an essential step in the virus life cycle, because this tRNA serves as the primer for initiating reverse transcription. tRNA(Lys3) annealing to viral RNA occurs in two steps. First, Gag promotes annealing of tRNA(Lys3) to the viral RNA during cytoplasmic HIV-1 assembly. Second, mature nucleocapsid (NCp7), produced from the processing of Gag by viral protease during viral budding from the cell, remodels the annealed complex to form a more stable interaction between the viral RNA and tRNA(Lys3), resulting in a more tightly bound and efficient primer for reverse transcription. In this report, we have used in virio SHAPE analysis of both the 5´-untranslated region in HIV-1 RNA and the annealed tRNA(Lys3) to determine structural differences of the annealed complex that occur between protease-negative (Pr-) and wild type viruses. Our results indicate that the weaker binding of tRNA(Lys3) annealed by Gag in Pr- virions reflects both missing interactions of tRNA(Lys3) with viral RNA regions in the upper PBS stem, and a weaker interaction with the internal stem-loop found within the unannealed primer binding site in viral RNA. We propose secondary structure models for the tRNA(Lys3)/viral RNA annealed complexes in PR- and wild type viruses that support the two-step annealing model by showing that Gag promotes a partial annealing of tRNA(Lys3) to HIV-1 viral RNA, followed by a more complete annealing by NCp7.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 34 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 34 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 11 32%
Researcher 5 15%
Student > Bachelor 3 9%
Student > Master 3 9%
Student > Doctoral Student 2 6%
Other 6 18%
Unknown 4 12%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 20 59%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4 12%
Immunology and Microbiology 3 9%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 1 3%
Social Sciences 1 3%
Other 1 3%
Unknown 4 12%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 May 2015.
All research outputs
#16,721,208
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Retrovirology
#822
of 1,273 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#159,249
of 279,882 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Retrovirology
#18
of 25 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,373,627 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,273 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.7. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 279,882 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 40th percentile – i.e., 40% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 25 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 20th percentile – i.e., 20% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.