Title |
Mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancer
|
---|---|
Published in |
BMC Cancer, May 2018
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12885-018-4441-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Joshua P. Bates, Roshanak Derakhshandeh, Laundette Jones, Tonya J. Webb |
Abstract |
Tumors develop multiple mechanisms of immune evasion as they progress, with some cancer types being inherently better at 'hiding' than others. With an increased understanding of tumor immune surveillance, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for breast cancer, despite historically being thought of as an immunologically silent neoplasm. Some types of cancer, such as melanoma, bladder, and renal cell carcinoma, have demonstrated a durable response to immunotherapeutic intervention, however, breast neoplasms have not shown the same efficacy. The causes of breast cancer's immune silence derive from mechanisms that diminish immune recognition and others that promote strong immunosuppression. It is the mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancers that are poorly defined. Thus, further characterization is critical for the development of better therapies. This brief review will seek to provide insight into the possible causes of weak immunogenicity and immune suppression mediated by breast cancers and highlight current immunotherapies being used to restore immune responses to breast cancer. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 33% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 5 | 56% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 67% |
Scientists | 2 | 22% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 300 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 50 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 39 | 13% |
Researcher | 27 | 9% |
Student > Master | 27 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 6% |
Other | 30 | 10% |
Unknown | 109 | 36% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 70 | 23% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 38 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 21 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 11 | 4% |
Other | 20 | 7% |
Unknown | 120 | 40% |