Title |
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cohort study: effects of total and traffic-specific air pollution
|
---|---|
Published in |
Environmental Health, June 2015
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12940-015-0031-x |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gudrun Weinmayr, Frauke Hennig, Kateryna Fuks, Michael Nonnemacher, Hermann Jakobs, Stefan Möhlenkamp, Raimund Erbel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Barbara Hoffmann, Susanne Moebus, on behalf of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Investigator Group |
Abstract |
Studies investigating the link between long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of diabetes are still scarce and results are inconsistent, possibly due to different compositions of the particle mixture. We investigate the long-term effect of traffic-specific and total particulate matter (PM) and road proximity on cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) in a large German cohort. We followed prospectively 3607 individuals without diabetes at baseline (2000-2003) from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study in Germany (mean follow-up time 5.1 years). Mean annual exposures to total as well as traffic-specific PM10 and PM2.5 at residence were estimated using a chemistry transport model (EURAD, 1 km(2) resolution). Effect estimates for an increase of 1 μg/m(3) in PM were obtained with Poisson regression adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, lifestyle factors, area-level and individual-level socio-economic status, and city. 331 incident cases developed. Adjusted RRs for total PM10 and PM2.5 were 1.05 (95 %-CI: 1.00;1.10) and 1.03 (95 %-CI: 0.95;1.12), respectively. Markedly higher point estimates were found for local traffic-specific PM with RRs of 1.36 (95 %-CI: 0.98;1.89) for PM10 and 1.36 (95 %-CI: 0.97;1.89) for PM2.5. Individuals living closer than 100 m to a busy road had a more than 30 % higher risk (1.37;95 %-CI: 1.04;1.81) than those living further than 200 m away. Long-term exposure to total PM increases type two diabetes risk in the general population, as does living close to a major road. Local traffic-specific PM was related to higher risks for type two diabetes than total PM. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Italy | 2 | 25% |
Chile | 1 | 13% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 13% |
United States | 1 | 13% |
France | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 2 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 7 | 88% |
Scientists | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
France | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 190 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 32 | 17% |
Researcher | 27 | 14% |
Student > Master | 26 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 14 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 14 | 7% |
Other | 31 | 16% |
Unknown | 48 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 38 | 20% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 19% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 14 | 7% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 3% |
Social Sciences | 5 | 3% |
Other | 33 | 17% |
Unknown | 59 | 31% |