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Potential utility of natural products as regulators of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters

Overview of attention for article published in Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, June 2011
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Title
Potential utility of natural products as regulators of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters
Published in
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, June 2011
DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-9-91
Pubmed ID
Authors

Shabana I Khan, Jianping Zhao, Ikhlas A Khan, Larry A Walker, Asok K Dasmahapatra

Abstract

Aromatase, the key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. The enzyme is expressed in various tissues such as ovary, placenta, bone, brain, skin, and adipose tissue. Aromatase enzyme is encoded by a single gene CYP 19A1 and its expression is controlled by tissue-specific promoters. Aromatase mRNA is primarily transcribed from promoter I.4 in normal breast tissue and physiological levels of aromatase are found in breast adipose stromal fibroblasts. Under the conditions of breast cancer, as a result of the activation of a distinct set of aromatase promoters (I.3, II, and I.7) aromatase expression is enhanced leading to local overproduction of estrogen that promotes breast cancer. Aromatase is considered as a potential target for endocrine treatment of breast cancer but due to nonspecific reduction of aromatase activity in other tissues, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with undesirable side effects such as bone loss, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Inhibition of aromatase expression by inactivating breast tumor-specific aromatase promoters can selectively block estrogen production at the tumor site. Although several synthetic chemical compounds and nuclear receptor ligands are known to inhibit the activity of the tumor-specific aromatase promoters, further development of more specific and efficacious drugs without adverse effects is still warranted. Plants are rich in chemopreventive agents that have a great potential to be used in chemotherapy for hormone dependent breast cancer which could serve as a source for natural AIs. In this brief review, we summarize the studies on phytochemicals such as biochanin A, genistein, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol, and grape seed extracts related to their effect on the activation of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters and discuss their aromatase inhibitory potential to be used as safer chemotherapeutic agents for specific hormone-dependent breast cancer.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 93 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 1 1%
France 1 1%
Canada 1 1%
South Africa 1 1%
Unknown 89 96%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 12 13%
Student > Ph. D. Student 10 11%
Student > Bachelor 9 10%
Student > Master 8 9%
Student > Doctoral Student 6 6%
Other 25 27%
Unknown 23 25%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 27 29%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 17 18%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 6 6%
Nursing and Health Professions 3 3%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 3 3%
Other 10 11%
Unknown 27 29%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 February 2013.
All research outputs
#14,721,336
of 22,656,971 outputs
Outputs from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
#491
of 962 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#82,151
of 114,994 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
#7
of 9 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,656,971 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 962 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.9. This one is in the 45th percentile – i.e., 45% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 114,994 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 9 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 2 of them.