Title |
An introduction to immunology and immunopathology
|
---|---|
Published in |
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, November 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1710-1492-7-s1-s1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Richard Warrington, Wade Watson, Harold L Kim, Francesca Romana Antonetti |
Abstract |
In basic terms, the immune system has two lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first immunological, non-specific (antigen-independent) mechanism for fighting against an intruding pathogen. It is a rapid immune response, occurring within minutes or hours after aggression, that has no immunologic memory. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific; it has the capacity for memory, which enables the host to mount a more rapid and efficient immune response upon subsequent exposure to the antigen. There is a great deal of synergy between the adaptive immune system and its innate counterpart, and defects in either system can provoke illness or disease, such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders and hypersensitivity reactions. This article provides a practical overview of innate and adaptive immunity, and describes how these host defense mechanisms are involved in both health and illness. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | 24% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 8% |
France | 1 | 4% |
Singapore | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 15 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 22 | 88% |
Scientists | 2 | 8% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Ireland | 1 | <1% |
Kenya | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Guatemala | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Russia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 2 | <1% |
Unknown | 852 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 179 | 21% |
Student > Master | 142 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 131 | 15% |
Researcher | 67 | 8% |
Other | 39 | 5% |
Other | 102 | 12% |
Unknown | 204 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 144 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 141 | 16% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 119 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 85 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 37 | 4% |
Other | 113 | 13% |
Unknown | 225 | 26% |