Title |
In search of causality: a systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults
|
---|---|
Published in |
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, November 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1479-5868-8-125 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gavin R McCormack, Alan Shiell |
Abstract |
Empirical evidence suggests that an association between the built environment and physical activity exists. This evidence is mostly derived from cross-sectional studies that do not account for other causal explanations such as neighborhood self-selection. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs can be used to isolate the effect of the built environment on physical activity, but in their absence, statistical techniques that adjust for neighborhood self-selection can be used with cross-sectional data. Previous reviews examining the built environment-physical activity relationship have not differentiated among findings based on study design. To deal with self-selection, we synthesized evidence regarding the relationship between objective measures of the built environment and physical activity by including in our review: 1) cross-sectional studies that adjust for neighborhood self-selection and 2) quasi-experiments. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Australia | 2 | 15% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 8% |
France | 1 | 8% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 8 | 62% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 7 | 54% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 31% |
Scientists | 2 | 15% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 8 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 5 | <1% |
Canada | 3 | <1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Brazil | 2 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Ethiopia | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 763 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 151 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 149 | 19% |
Researcher | 115 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 48 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 47 | 6% |
Other | 141 | 18% |
Unknown | 136 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Social Sciences | 152 | 19% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 120 | 15% |
Sports and Recreations | 56 | 7% |
Environmental Science | 46 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 35 | 4% |
Other | 189 | 24% |
Unknown | 189 | 24% |