Title |
Is nodding syndrome in northern Uganda linked to consumption of mycotoxin contaminated food grains?
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Published in |
BMC Research Notes, September 2018
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DOI | 10.1186/s13104-018-3774-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Richard Echodu, Hilary Edema, Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga, Adam Hendy, Robert Colebunders, Joyce Moriku Kaducu, Emilio Ovuga, Geert Haesaert |
Abstract |
Nodding syndrome (NS) is a type of epilepsy characterized by repeated head-nodding seizures that appear in previously healthy children between 3 and 18 years of age. In 2012, during a WHO International Meeting on NS in Kampala, Uganda, it was recommended that fungal contamination of foods should be investigated as a possible cause of the disease. We therefore aimed to assess whether consumption of fungal mycotoxins contributes to NS development. We detected similar high levels of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin in mostly millet, sorghum, maize and groundnuts in both households with and without children with NS. Furthermore, there was no significant association between concentrations of total aflatoxin, ochratoxin and doxynivalenol and the presence of children with NS in households. In conclusion, our results show no supporting evidence for the association of NS with consumption of mycotoxins in contaminated foods. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
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United States | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 63 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 15 | 24% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 10% |
Researcher | 3 | 5% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 5% |
Other | 9 | 14% |
Unknown | 18 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 10% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 8% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 6% |
Social Sciences | 3 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 22% |
Unknown | 21 | 33% |