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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
An investigation of the ‘female camouflage effect’ in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Molecular Autism, January 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s13229-016-0073-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Agnieszka Rynkiewicz, Björn Schuller, Erik Marchi, Stefano Piana, Antonio Camurri, Amandine Lassalle, Simon Baron-Cohen |
| Abstract |
Autism spectrum conditions (autism) are diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls. Females with autism may have been under-identified due to not only a male-biased understanding of autism but also females' camouflaging. The study describes a new technique that allows automated coding of non-verbal mode of communication (gestures) and offers the possibility of objective, evaluation of gestures, independent of human judgment. The EyesWeb software platform and the Kinect sensor during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) were used. The study group consisted of 33 high-functioning Polish girls and boys with formal diagnosis of autism or Asperger syndrome aged 5-10, with fluent speech, IQ average and above and their parents (girls with autism, n = 16; boys with autism, n = 17). All children were assessed during two demonstration activities of Module 3 of ADOS-2, administered in Polish, and coded using Polish codes. Children were also assessed with Polish versions of the Eyes and Faces Tests. Parents provided information on the author-reviewed Polish research translation of SCQ (Social Communication Questionnaire, Current and Lifetime) and Polish version of AQ Child (Autism Spectrum Quotient, Child). Girls with autism tended to use gestures more vividly as compared to boys with autism during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2. Girls with autism made significantly more mistakes than boys with autism on the Faces Test. All children with autism had high scores in AQ Child, which confirmed the presence of autistic traits in this group. The current communication skills of boys with autism reported by parents in SCQ were significantly better than those of girls with autism. However, both girls with autism and boys with autism improved in the social and communication abilities over the lifetime. The number of stereotypic behaviours in boys significantly decreased over life whereas it remained at a comparable level in girls with autism. High-functioning females with autism might present better on non-verbal (gestures) mode of communication than boys with autism. It may camouflage other diagnostic features. It poses risk of under-diagnosis or not receiving the appropriate diagnosis for this population. Further research is required to examine this phenomenon so appropriate gender revisions to the diagnostic assessments might be implemented. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 60 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 7 | 12% |
| Japan | 4 | 7% |
| Spain | 3 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 5% |
| United States | 2 | 3% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 2% |
| Philippines | 1 | 2% |
| Australia | 1 | 2% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 36 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 53 | 88% |
| Scientists | 4 | 7% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 581 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 576 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 91 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 79 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 63 | 11% |
| Researcher | 46 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 43 | 7% |
| Other | 94 | 16% |
| Unknown | 165 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 191 | 33% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 54 | 9% |
| Social Sciences | 30 | 5% |
| Neuroscience | 24 | 4% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 18 | 3% |
| Other | 83 | 14% |
| Unknown | 181 | 31% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 119. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 November 2023.
All research outputs
#358,179
of 25,703,943 outputs
Outputs from Molecular Autism
#35
of 719 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#6,323
of 405,182 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Molecular Autism
#1
of 23 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,703,943 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 719 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 28.3. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 405,182 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 23 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its contemporaries.