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Comparative analysis of plant immune receptor architectures uncovers host proteins likely targeted by pathogens

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Biology, February 2016
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Title
Comparative analysis of plant immune receptor architectures uncovers host proteins likely targeted by pathogens
Published in
BMC Biology, February 2016
DOI 10.1186/s12915-016-0228-7
Pubmed ID
Authors

Panagiotis F. Sarris, Volkan Cevik, Gulay Dagdas, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Ksenia V. Krasileva

Abstract

Plants deploy immune receptors to detect pathogen-derived molecules and initiate defense responses. Intracellular plant immune receptors called nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins contain a central nucleotide-binding (NB) domain followed by a series of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), and are key initiators of plant defense responses. However, recent studies demonstrated that NLRs with non-canonical domain architectures play an important role in plant immunity. These composite immune receptors are thought to arise from fusions between NLRs and additional domains that serve as "baits" for the pathogen-derived effector proteins, thus enabling pathogen recognition. Several names have been proposed to describe these proteins, including "integrated decoys" and "integrated sensors". We adopt and argue for "integrated domains" or NLR-IDs, which describes the product of the fusion without assigning a universal mode of action. We have scanned available plant genome sequences for the full spectrum of NLR-IDs to evaluate the diversity of integrations of potential sensor/decoy domains across flowering plants, including 19 crop species. We manually curated wheat and brassicas and experimentally validated a subset of NLR-IDs in wild and cultivated wheat varieties. We have examined NLR fusions that occur in multiple plant families and identified that some domains show re-occurring integration across lineages. Domains fused to NLRs overlap with previously identified pathogen targets confirming that they act as baits for the pathogen. While some of the integrated domains have been previously implicated in disease resistance, others provide new targets for engineering durable resistance to plant pathogens. We have built a robust reproducible pipeline for detecting variable domain architectures in plant immune receptors across species. We hypothesize that NLR-IDs that we revealed provide clues to the host proteins targeted by pathogens, and that this information can be deployed to discover new sources of disease resistance.

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Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 3 <1%
Germany 2 <1%
Brazil 2 <1%
Netherlands 2 <1%
Australia 1 <1%
Israel 1 <1%
Mexico 1 <1%
United Kingdom 1 <1%
Estonia 1 <1%
Other 1 <1%
Unknown 416 97%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 114 26%
Researcher 84 19%
Student > Master 55 13%
Student > Bachelor 38 9%
Student > Doctoral Student 23 5%
Other 45 10%
Unknown 72 17%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 241 56%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 89 21%
Environmental Science 3 <1%
Chemistry 3 <1%
Nursing and Health Professions 2 <1%
Other 15 3%
Unknown 78 18%