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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Establishment of transient and stable transfection systems for Babesia ovata
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Parasites & Vectors, March 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s13071-016-1439-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hassan Hakimi, Junya Yamagishi, Yuto Kegawa, Osamu Kaneko, Shin-ichiro Kawazu, Masahito Asada |
| Abstract |
Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by several species of Babesia which produce acute and fatal disease in cattle and affect livestock industry worldwide. Babesia ovata is a benign species widespread in east Asian countries and causes anemia, particularly in cattle which are co-infected with Theileria orientalis. The development of genetic manipulation methods is necessary to improve our understanding of the basic biology of protozoan pathogens toward a better control of disease. Such tools have not been developed for B. ovata, and are the aim of this study. In this study we transfected constructs that were designed to evaluate the ability of several B. ovata promoter candidates to drive expression of a reporter luciferase. We found that the elongation factor-1 alpha intergenic region (ef-1α IG) and the actin 5' non-coding region (NR) had highest promoter activities. To establish a stable transfection system, we generated a plasmid construct in which the ef-1α IG promoter drives gfp expression, and the actin 5' NR mediates expression of the selectable marker hdhfr. The plasmid was designed for episomal transfection, as well as to integrate by double cross-over homologous recombination into the ef-1α locus. Circular or linearized plasmid was transfected by electroporation into in vitro cultured B. ovata and retention of the plasmid was facilitated by drug selection with 5 nM WR99210 initiated 48 h after transfection. After one-week cultivation with WR99210, GFP-expressing parasites were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Integration of the plasmid construct into the ef-1α locus was confirmed by PCR, Southern blot analysis, and sequencing of recombination sites. These results confirm successful development of a stable transfection system for B. ovata. The current study provides a fundamental molecular tool to aid in molecular and cellular studies of B. ovata. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 67% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 43 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 43 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 8 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 9% |
| Other | 6 | 14% |
| Unknown | 8 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 26% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 6 | 14% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 9% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 7% |
| Other | 6 | 14% |
| Unknown | 10 | 23% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 April 2016.
All research outputs
#14,192,377
of 22,858,915 outputs
Outputs from Parasites & Vectors
#2,795
of 5,470 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#158,918
of 300,567 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Parasites & Vectors
#83
of 166 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,858,915 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 37th percentile – i.e., 37% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,470 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one is in the 48th percentile – i.e., 48% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 300,567 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 46th percentile – i.e., 46% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 166 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 49th percentile – i.e., 49% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.