Title |
Permitted water pollution discharges and population cancer and non-cancer mortality: toxicity weights and upstream discharge effects in US rural-urban areas
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Published in |
International Journal of Health Geographics, April 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1476-072x-11-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Michael Hendryx, Jamison Conley, Evan Fedorko, Juhua Luo, Matthew Armistead |
Abstract |
The study conducts statistical and spatial analyses to investigate amounts and types of permitted surface water pollution discharges in relation to population mortality rates for cancer and non-cancer causes nationwide and by urban-rural setting. Data from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) were used to measure the location, type, and quantity of a selected set of 38 discharge chemicals for 10,395 facilities across the contiguous US. Exposures were refined by weighting amounts of chemical discharges by their estimated toxicity to human health, and by estimating the discharges that occur not only in a local county, but area-weighted discharges occurring upstream in the same watershed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mortality files were used to measure age-adjusted population mortality rates for cancer, kidney disease, and total non-cancer causes. Analysis included multiple linear regressions to adjust for population health risk covariates. Spatial analyses were conducted by applying geographically weighted regression to examine the geographic relationships between releases and mortality. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 50% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 72 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 23% |
Researcher | 14 | 19% |
Student > Master | 7 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 8% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 7% |
Other | 5 | 7% |
Unknown | 20 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 9 | 12% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 8% |
Social Sciences | 6 | 8% |
Engineering | 6 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 7% |
Other | 20 | 27% |
Unknown | 22 | 30% |