Title |
Low nuclear body formation and tax SUMOylation do not prevent NF-kappaB promoter activation
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Published in |
Retrovirology, September 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1742-4690-9-77 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Amandine Bonnet, Voahangy Randrianarison-Huetz, Patrycja Nzounza, Martine Nedelec, Maxime Chazal, Laetitia Waast, Sabrina Pene, Ali Bazarbachi, Renaud Mahieux, Laurence Bénit, Claudine Pique |
Abstract |
The Tax protein encoded by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a powerful activator of the NF-κB pathway, a property critical for HTLV-1-induced immortalization of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Tax permanently stimulates this pathway at a cytoplasmic level by activating the IκB kinase (IKK) complex and at a nuclear level by enhancing the binding of the NF-κB factor RelA to its cognate promoters and by forming nuclear bodies, believed to represent transcriptionally active structures. In previous studies, we reported that Tax ubiquitination and SUMOylation play a critical role in Tax localization and NF-κB activation. Indeed, analysis of lysine Tax mutants fused or not to ubiquitin or SUMO led us to propose a two-step model in which Tax ubiquitination first intervenes to activate IKK while Tax SUMOylation is subsequently required for promoter activation within Tax nuclear bodies. However, recent studies showing that ubiquitin or SUMO can modulate Tax activities in either the nucleus or the cytoplasm and that SUMOylated Tax can serve as substrate for ubiquitination suggested that Tax ubiquitination and SUMOylation may mediate redundant rather than successive functions. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Brazil | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 18 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 8 | 42% |
Student > Master | 3 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 16% |
Other | 1 | 5% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 5% |
Other | 2 | 11% |
Unknown | 1 | 5% |
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Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 11% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 5% |
Other | 3 | 16% |
Unknown | 2 | 11% |