Molecular identification of Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and human host in Mali: expanded genetic diversity

Mamadou Diallo, Bassirou Diarra, Moumine Sanogo, Antieme C. G. Togo, Anou M. Somboro, Mariam H. Diallo, Bréhima Traoré, Mamoudou Maiga, Younoussa Koné, Karim Tounkara, Yeya dit Sadio Sarro, Bocar Baya, Drissa Goita, Hamadoun Kassambara, Bindongo P. P. Dembélé, Sophia Siddiqui, Robert L. Murphy, Sounkalo Dao, Souleymane Diallo, Anatole Tounkara, Mamadou Niang

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a contagious, debilitating human and animal disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The study objective were to estimate the frequency of BTB, examine genetic diversity of the M. bovis population in cattle from five regions in Mali and to determine whether M. bovis is involved in active tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Samples from suspected lesions on cattle at the slaughterhouses were collected. Mycobacterial smear, culture confirmation, and spoligotyping were used for diagnosis and species identification. Mycobacterium DNA from TB patients was spoligotyped to identify M. bovis. In total, 675 cattle have been examined for lesions in the five regions of Mali. Out of 675 cattle, 79 specimens presented lesions and then examined for the presence of M. bovis. Thus, 19 (24.1 %) were identified as M. bovis; eight (10.1 %) were non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM). Nineteen spoligotype patterns were identified among 79 samples with five novel patterns. One case of M. bovis (spoligotype pattern SB0300) was identified among 67 TB patients. This study estimates a relatively true proportion of BTB in the regions of Mali and reveals new spoligotype patterns.