Title |
Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes
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Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, November 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-12-212 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Glenn Litsios, Carrie A Sims, Rafael O Wüest, Peter B Pearman, Niklaus E Zimmermann, Nicolas Salamin |
Abstract |
Adaptive radiation is the process by which a single ancestral species diversifies into many descendants adapted to exploit a wide range of habitats. The appearance of ecological opportunities, or the colonisation or adaptation to novel ecological resources, has been documented to promote adaptive radiation in many classic examples. Mutualistic interactions allow species to access resources untapped by competitors, but evidence shows that the effect of mutualism on species diversification can greatly vary among mutualistic systems. Here, we test whether the development of obligate mutualism with sea anemones allowed the clownfishes to radiate adaptively across the Indian and western Pacific oceans reef habitats. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Switzerland | 1 | 14% |
United States | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 5 | 71% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 57% |
Scientists | 3 | 43% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Switzerland | 4 | 1% |
United States | 4 | 1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Panama | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 264 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 53 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 49 | 18% |
Researcher | 44 | 16% |
Student > Master | 38 | 14% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 10 | 4% |
Other | 39 | 14% |
Unknown | 46 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 158 | 57% |
Environmental Science | 25 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 23 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 1% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | <1% |
Other | 18 | 6% |
Unknown | 50 | 18% |