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Genome-wide association mapping uncovers sex-associated copy number variation markers and female hemizygous regions on the W chromosome in Salix viminalis

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Genomics, October 2021
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Title
Genome-wide association mapping uncovers sex-associated copy number variation markers and female hemizygous regions on the W chromosome in Salix viminalis
Published in
BMC Genomics, October 2021
DOI 10.1186/s12864-021-08021-2
Pubmed ID
Authors

Henrik R. Hallingbäck, Pascal Pucholt, Pär K. Ingvarsson, Ann Christin Rönnberg-Wästljung, Sofia Berlin

Abstract

Sex chromosomes are in some species largely undifferentiated (homomorphic) with restricted sex determination regions. Homomorphic but different sex chromosomes are found in the closely related genera Populus and Salix indicating flexible sex determination systems, ideal for studies of processes involved in sex chromosome evolution. We have performed genome-wide association studies of sex and analysed sex chromosomes in a population of 265 wild collected Salix viminalis accessions and studied the sex determining locus. A total of 19,592 markers were used in association analyses using both Fisher's exact tests and a single-marker mixed linear model, which resulted in 48 and 41 sex-associated (SA) markers respectively. Across all 48 SA markers, females were much more often heterozygous than males, which is expected if females were the heterogametic sex. The majority of the SA markers were, based on positions in the S. purpurea genome, located on chromosome 15, previously demonstrated to be the sex chromosome. Interestingly, when mapping the genotyping-by-sequencing sequence tag harbouring the two SA markers with the highest significance to the S. viminalis genomic scaffolds, five regions of very high similarity were found: three on a scaffold that represents a part of chromosome 15, one on a scaffold that represents a part of chromosome 9 and one on a scaffold not anchored to the genome. Based on segregation differences of the alleles at the two marker positions and on differences in PCR amplification between females and males we conclude that females had multiple copies of this DNA fragment (chromosome 9 and 15), whereas males only had one (chromosome 9). We therefore postulate that the female specific sequences have been copied from chromosome 9 and inserted on chromosome 15, subsequently developing into a hemizygous W chromosome linked region. Our results support that sex determination in S. viminalis is controlled by one locus on chromosome 15. The segregation patterns observed at the SA markers furthermore confirm that S. viminalis females are the heterogametic sex. We also identified a translocation from chromosome 9 to the W chromosome.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 13 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 13 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Master 2 15%
Lecturer 1 8%
Student > Ph. D. Student 1 8%
Student > Bachelor 1 8%
Researcher 1 8%
Other 1 8%
Unknown 6 46%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 5 38%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 1 8%
Chemistry 1 8%
Unknown 6 46%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 October 2021.
All research outputs
#16,027,799
of 25,347,980 outputs
Outputs from BMC Genomics
#6,089
of 11,224 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#224,621
of 429,061 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Genomics
#58
of 160 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,347,980 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 34th percentile – i.e., 34% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 11,224 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.8. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 429,061 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 160 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 57% of its contemporaries.