Title |
Always one step ahead: How pathogenic bacteria use the type III secretion system to manipulate the intestinal mucosal immune system
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Inflammation, May 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1476-9255-8-11 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Anna Vossenkämper, Thomas T MacDonald, Olivier Marchès |
Abstract |
The intestinal immune system and the epithelium are the first line of defense in the gut. Constantly exposed to microorganisms from the environment, the gut has complex defense mechanisms to prevent infections, as well as regulatory pathways to tolerate commensal bacteria and food antigens. Intestinal pathogens have developed strategies to regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation in order to establish or prolong infection. The organisms that employ a type III secretion system use a molecular syringe to deliver effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells. These effectors target the host cell cytoskeleton, cell organelles and signaling pathways. This review addresses the multiple mechanisms by which the type III secretion system targets the intestinal immune response, with a special focus on pathogenic E. coli. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 75% |
Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 3% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 64 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 20 | 30% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 12% |
Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 7% |
Other | 11 | 16% |
Unknown | 5 | 7% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 40 | 60% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 12% |
Chemistry | 2 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 1 | 1% |
Other | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 6 | 9% |