Title |
Transcriptome analysis of bitter acid biosynthesis and precursor pathways in hop (Humulus lupulus)
|
---|---|
Published in |
BMC Plant Biology, January 2013
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2229-13-12 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Shawn M Clark, Vinidhra Vaitheeswaran, Stephen J Ambrose, Randy W Purves, Jonathan E Page |
Abstract |
Bitter acids (e.g. humulone) are prenylated polyketides synthesized in lupulin glands of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) which are important contributors to the bitter flavour and stability of beer. Bitter acids are formed from acyl-CoA precursors derived from branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation and C5 prenyl diphosphates from the methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to obtain the transcriptomes of isolated lupulin glands, cones with glands removed and leaves from high α-acid hop cultivars, and analyzed these datasets for genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis including the supply of major precursors. We also measured the levels of BCAAs, acyl-CoA intermediates, and bitter acids in glands, cones and leaves. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 33% |
Germany | 2 | 33% |
Spain | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 1 | 17% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 4 | 67% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 17% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 127 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 37 | 29% |
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 16% |
Student > Master | 12 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 5% |
Other | 15 | 12% |
Unknown | 17 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 62 | 48% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 23 | 18% |
Chemistry | 5 | 4% |
Engineering | 5 | 4% |
Environmental Science | 2 | 2% |
Other | 13 | 10% |
Unknown | 19 | 15% |