Title |
L1 and L2 gene polymorphisms in HPV-58 and HPV-33: implications for vaccine design and diagnosis
|
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Published in |
Virology Journal, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12985-016-0629-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Zuyi Chen, Yaling Jing, Qiang Wen, Xianping Ding, Shun Zhang, Tao Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Jianhui Zhang |
Abstract |
Cervical cancer is associated with infection by certain subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). The L1 protein comprising HPV vaccine formulations elicits high-titre neutralizing antibodies and confers protection against specific HPV subtypes. HPV L2 protein is an attractive candidate for cross-protective vaccines. HPV-33 and HPV-58 are very prevalent among Chinese women. To study the gene intratypic variations and polymorphisms of HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1/L2 in Sichuan China, HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1 and L2 genes were sequenced and compared with other genes submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum-likelihood and the Kimura 2-parameters methods (MEGA 6). The secondary structure was analyzed by PSIPred software, and HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1 homology models were created by SWISS-MODEL software. The selection pressures acting on the L1/L2 genes were estimated by PAML 4.8. Among 124 HPV-33 L1 sequences 20 single nucleotide mutations were observed included 8/20 non-synonymous and 12/20 synonymous mutations. The 101 HPV-33 L2 sequences included 12 single nucleotide mutations comprising 7/12 non-synonymous and 5/12 synonymous mutations. The 223 HPV-58 L1 sequences included 32 single nucleotide mutations comprising 9/32 non-synonymous and 23/32 synonymous mutations. The 201 HPV-58 L2 sequences comprised 26 single nucleotide mutations including 9/26 non-synonymous and 17/26 synonymous mutations. Selective pressure analysis showed that most of the common non-synonymous mutations showed a positive selection. HPV-33 and HPV-58 L2 were more stable than HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1. HPV-33 and HPV-58 L2 were better candidates as clinical diagnostic targets compared with HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1. Clinical diagnostic probes and second-generation polyvalent vaccines should be designed on the basis of the unique sequence of HPV-33 and 58 L1/L2 variations in Sichuan, to improve the accuracy of clinical detection and the protective efficiency of vaccines. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 4 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 46 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 9 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 9% |
Professor | 3 | 7% |
Researcher | 3 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 13% |
Unknown | 15 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 24% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 9% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 7% |
Other | 2 | 4% |
Unknown | 17 | 37% |